Delegation from Represented by The Republic of the

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

Security Council

We, The Republic of the Philippines, recognize that the current composition of the Security Council reflects the global system at the end of World War Two. The world now faces challenges with respect to the eradication of international terrorism and nuclear weaponry that require the Security Council’s immediate attention. We believe that with our help and the aid of other nations, engaging in discussion to combat these issues will contribute to a more stable and prosperous world. The issues to be discussed include: Security Council reform, International instruments to mitigate the threat of the use of nuclear weapons by terrorists and strengthening UNSC resolution 1267 (1999) concerning Al Qaeda and the Taliban.

I. Security Council Reform

With respect to the topic of Security Council reform, the delegation of the Philippines supports the proposed .New Model C. As current constituted, the Security Council does not represent the global distribution of population proportionality. Within the proposed Model C, regional grouping of countries better reflects the new and future world order. The regional splitting of Asian from Pacific Rim countries better serves the world community by representing these populations accurately and giving them the voice that has long been suppressed. We believe the concept of .dual-seating. is revolutionary in the fact that it provides twice the representation under a very familiar system. Finally, a key aspect of the proposed .New Model C. is that nations that provide (material and personnel) support to UN missions are rewarded with an increased voice in UN policy.

II. Strengthening Resolution 1267 (1999)

On the matter of strengthening SecRes1267, the delegation of The Republic of the Philippines fully supports the current UN policy on the matter. Citing the success of the previous efforts against Al Qaeda and the Taliban, we believe that the new threat is not from these organizations, but instead, localized offshoots that have adopted their terrorist ideologies and methods. Therefore, The Republic of the Philippines would support a resolution calling for the creation of a new committee composed mainly of terrorism experts who could identify terrorist threats around the world. This would assist in the acceleration of targeting and eradicating once unidentified groups/individuals. We strongly encourage the cooperation and sharing of information between the CTC, FATF, Interpol, and any other relevant governmental and nongovernmental organizations in order to thwart future crises.

II. International Instruments to Mitigate the Threat of the use of Nuclear Weapons

Concerning international instruments to mitigate the threat of the use of nuclear weapons by terrorists, The Republic of the Philippines supports further action taken by the United Nations to combat this issue. As a signatory of the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty, a member of the Anti-Proliferation Committee and the Counter-Terrorism Committee, the Philippines proposes the creation of a new committee responsible for monitoring non-state entities that manufacture components needed for building nuclear weaponry. This committee, made up mainly of experts of terrorism and nuclear weapons, would then report regularly to an oversight group consisting of representatives from the Security Council, IAEA, CTC, FATF, Interpol, and other relevant institutions. In order for such a committee to be successful, regional centers will need to be created so that there is an increased level of local monitoring, interaction, and cooperation. Within this same committee, a program should exist which provides incentives for nuclear scientists that register with the United Nations. The aim of this program is to alert state and non-state actors to identify and eliminate emerging illegal weapons programs.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

General Assembly Plenary

The issues before the General Assembly Plenary are: The Use of Economic Sanctions for the Political and Economic Compulsion, Democracy and Human Rights in Post-Conflict Regions and The Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa. The Republic of the Philippines remains devoted to working towards peaceful and mutually beneficial solutions to all of these problems. The Philippines recognizes the importance of these issues and the necessity of all states of the international community to help in preserving the democracies of the world and to work towards sustaining peace through peacekeeping, regional interdependence, and the use of economic sanctions for promoting cooperation.

I. The Use of Economic Sanctions for Political and Economic Compulsion
The Republic of the Philippines believes that the General Assembly Penury’s conference on the use of economic sanctions for political and economic compulsion will prove to be effective for the global community. The Philippines recommends the international community to use restraint while considering economic sanctions for political and economic compulsion. The Philippines advocates for the use of smart sanctions that target strategic and military needs of a nation while ensuring civilian access to humanitarian needs. While the Philippines encourages restraint, we recognize the need for the Security Council to impose economic sanctions when international peace and security are threatened. The Philippines currently chairs the sanctions committee for Somalia. The Philippines will continue to apply pressure on Somalia using targeted actions in order to gain the government’s cooperation. The arms embargoes, travel bans, and financial, or diplomatic restrictions that are in place are necessary for intentions of peace in this area.

II. Promotion of Democracy and Human Rights in Post-Conflict Situations

The Republic of the Philippines is highly dedicated to the promotion of democracy and human rights in post-conflict situations. We feel that the international community must act quickly with the post-conflict nations, so that cultural strife can be minimized, the economy can undergo reconstruction, and the healing process can begin. The first few months are the most important in securing a post-conflict nation’s human rights and allowing the state to rebuild itself and feel a sense of nationality.

A multitude of steps need to be taken in order to help transition from a warring state to a peaceful state. These include holding courts for human rights violations, free and fair elections, and the re-building of the economy. The Philippines recommend that if a post-conflict nation cannot hold fair trails in its own country then the nation should look to the International Criminal Court to help itself bring justice and healing by prosecuting human rights violations. The Truth Commission can also be an effective way to heal a nation. By investigating human rights violations and not trying to cover them up, a nation can begin to forgive. Free and fair elections are a must for a post-conflict nation. If fair elections cannot be guaranteed, they should be monitored by the United Nations or a regional organization. This would ensure a fair election and end claims of illegitimacy from unhappy opponents of the election results. The need to rebuild the economy is also a must to ensure job stability and have the government in control of its responsibilities. This can be done by debt-reduction and foreign aid from the international community. The importance for rapid aid in post-conflict situation is to safeguard human rights and ensure that a sustainable democracy and responsible government is created.

III. The Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa

The Republic of the Philippines remains dedicated towards pursuing durable peace and sustainable development in Africa. As an international community, we must work endlessly towards the millennium goals of ending extreme hunger and poverty, combating HIV/AIDS and promote gender equality, which will help Africa as well as the rest of the world, to develop and maintain a higher standard of living for its people. The Philippines would also like to point to the great successes that the United Nations peacekeeping troops have contributed to the durable peace in Africa. The Philippines currently has 286 troops and other personnel under the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the African countries of Burundi, Liberia, Sudan and Ivory Coast. Of those troops, the Philippines has 204 in Liberia under the UNMIS, which is helping enforce the ceasefire and allowing Liberia to rebuild its economy after two devastating civil wars. While we encourage the Global Community to do its part, we are very enthusiastic about the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the progressive evolution and strengthening of the African Union (AU). The Philippines welcomes Africa.s NEPAD agreement of strengthening the social and economic bonds between its neighbors, much as the Philippines have done through ASEAN with her neighbors. This interdependence of Africa’s economy through NEPAD and the strengthening of political and security ties through the AU should all lead to further peace and sustainable development on the African Continent. The Republic of the Philippines is also determined to further the policies set forth by Boutros Boutros Ghali under his Agenda for Peace. The Philippines looks forward to playing an important role in the progress that will be made in Africa.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

General Assembly First Committee

Issues presented before the General Assembly First Committee are of critical importance to both near and long term security interests for every member state. As a leading proponent of multilateral arms control, the Republic of the Philippines supports those efforts which provide orderly direction toward nuclear disarmament, preventative measures against the acquisition of Weapons of Mass Destruction by non-state actors, and the regulation of small arms and landmines. Toward these ends, the Philippines is firmly committed to using the upcoming meeting of the First Committee to encourage all States to support and implement relevant multilateral treaty regimes, cooperate with regional armament organizations, and establish positive legal instruments toward the restriction of arms worldwide.

I. Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East

The Republic of the Philippines firmly believes that a world devoid of nuclear ambition must remain the ultimate end toward which all States work. The Philippines seeks to encourage all States to again reaffirm their commitment toward a nuclear-weapon-free-world. Legal instruments toward this end are myriad. Since its ascension to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) in January 2001, the Philippines has underscored the importance of verification and on-site inspections, and forcefully calls on all States to refrain from efforts that undermine the regime. Equally important as CTBT efforts is the move to achieve universal adherence to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Nearly six years removed from the 2000 NPT Review Conference’s unequivocal commitment by nuclear weapon possessors for transparency, accountability, and verification, little action has been seen. Nuclear weapons States are urged to comply with their commitments. Finally, commercial prevalence of dual-use technologies has been only moderately regulated. In accordance with A/60/463, all States must actively seek to institute national legislation relative to the production, sale, and transference of dual-use goods and technology. Prospects for resulting horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons threaten regional stability in the Middle East. Failures to secure compliance by present nuclear weapons States, coupled with successive disregard for worldwide denunciations relative to the production of new weapons of mass destruction (most recently expressed in A/60/453), have yielded dangerous maneuverability for some States to pursue their acquisition. No less than thirty-three resolutions since 1974 have called for the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone within the Middle East, and yet the region today faces a greater prospect of proliferation than ever before. The First Committee must act to promulgate new resolutions that secure renewed commitments from present nuclear states and to publicly censure those states which would seek to violate the thirty year commitment toward a nuclear weapons free Middle East.

II. CBRN Acquisition by Non-State Actors

Acquisition of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Weapons by non-state actors is an alarming prospect that endangers international peace and security in a manner comparable to no other threat. With a long history combating terrorism, the Republic of the Philippines is eminently aware of the catastrophic repercussions that might be derived from non-state actor CBRN acquisition. Consequently, the Philippines ardently supports A/RES/60/78, calling upon all States to support efforts to prevent terrorists from such acquisition, particularly through encouraging the creation of cooperative agreements in this area, and inviting ascension to the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. Further, the Philippines would like to encourage all Member States to institute national criminal legislation relative to CBRN production, assistance, dissemination, or use, and to provide positive assistance in the sharing of criminal intelligence therein. Cooperative intelligence arrangements, on bilateral and multilateral bases, are a critical instrument toward prevention, disruption, and possible response to non-state actors, particularly within the realm of trans-border CBRN activity.

III. Regulation of Conventional Armaments

Illicit trade of small arms, light weapons, and landmines provides chronic disruption to international peace and security, particularly in developing nations. Seeking regulations relative to this disruption, the Republic of the Philippines has seized every opportunity to encourage states to institute respective national legislation in the areas of marking, tracing, and records. The Program of Action adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects in 2001 was a considerable step in the right direction, but the First Biennial Meeting of States on the Implementation of the Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects in July of 2003 evidenced the need for greater harmonization of national and regional implementation. By encouraging States to wed efforts in the fields of assistance to developing nations and the disruption of child soldiering to the broader contextual problem of instability provided by the vertical proliferation of small arms worldwide, the First Committee could begin comprehending the necessity of an integrated approach to human security.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

General Assembly Second Committee

The government of the Republic of the Philippines recognizes that historical economic models have proven free market access to promote unprecedented growth in emerging economies. Globalization’s consequential improvements in worldwide technology and commerce have rapidly led to a total communication revolution. Open markets have resulted in the inevitable influx of technology and information sharing, supplying a stronger foundation for democracy. Widely available information has provided knowledge of women’s property rights, infectious disease vaccinations, and micro-credit programs to areas of the world which had for so long been closed to outside progress. Despite recent economic growth, however, the Philippines also recognizes that the Millennium Development Goals will only be achieved with increased resources and support to developing nations; and through Combating Illicit Fund Transfers,

Integrating Markets of Developing States into the Global Economy, and by improving other Macroeconomic Policy Issues and International Trade and Development.

I. Combating Illicit Fund Transfers

The threat of the global transfer of illicit funds is both an issue imperative for the United Nations to examine as well as a problem member states must be dedicated to eliminating. Profitable and lucrative crimes such as drug and human trafficking are made possible through the illicit transfer of funds in worldwide crime outfits. In order for these world problems to be eradicated, their financial source must first be eliminated. In response to the Philippine experience with illicit fund transfers, the General Banking Act was enacted to strengthen the regulation and supervision of the nation’s banking system. Additionally, in September of 2001, legislation for an anti-money laundering law placed the nation responsive to the OECF Financial Action Task Force. While these actions have proven to be a strong first step in combating this issue, the government of the Republic of the Philippines recognizes that it is one which can only be successfully fought from a multi-front position. The refusal of one state in cooperating in this fight will inevitably impede the progress of others. To these ends, the Republic of the Philippines recommends that the International Monetary Fund take oversight of the monitoring of the worldwide transfer of illicit funds. Upon confiscation, the IMF will have the ability to either award these funds to the criminal’s host nations or take the funds in lieu of debt payments.

II. Integration of Markets of Developing States into the Global Economy

The inevitability of free market transactions, foreign direct investment, and the free exchange of people and ideas must be combined with a dedication to economic growth and democratic principles by developed and developing countries alike. International programs governing the entrance of individual states into the global economy must demand that national governments take responsibility for local law and governance by establishing systems that will battle corruption. Entrance into the global market demands this strong commitment to good governance, as economic behavior is directly influenced by the quality of both economic and political institutions. Weak institutions allow unproductive and harmful economic practices to cross into a nation’s borders and eliminate the opportunity for democratic participation in economic and social decisions. Economic agreements between individual states and blocks of nations must adhere to the proven economic lesson of investing in specialization and encouraging developing nations to expand their own comparative advantages. Investment capital, however, must also be secured locally. Sovereign states must possess the power to select what kinds of foreign investment will benefit their citizens and have the ability to reject investments that will act negatively upon their societies. National and local governments should also have the ability to require that foreign owned corporations fulfill certain social obligations in the host country. Toward this goal, the Philippines recommends that a dialogue be implemented to begin the discussion of international policies requiring return investments on Foreign Direct Investment. In addition, the Republic of the Philippines recommends an international commitment to lowering agricultural subsidies in wealthy nations so that developing states might expand their advantages in this area.

III. Macroeconomic Policy Issues and International Trade and Development

The government of the Republic of the Philippines recognizes that international migration and the subsequent growth of remittances must be coordinated in a comprehensive international manner. It is imperative that measures be taken to reduce the overhead cost of migrant worker’s remittances. The Philippines alone has approximately seven million citizens working internationally and remitting roughly $8 billion each year. This figure amounts to more than ten percent of the nation’s GDP. The Philippines and other G-77 nations must be committed to an international agreement which will facilitate this capital transfer in a way that governments can use a portion to support select social services. The Republic of the Philippines is deeply concerned about the burden high debt payments place on developing states. More than 80% of the Philippine government’s budget is currently dedicated to non-discretionary expenses, including paying off the national debt. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo recently announced the design of the nation’s .Debt-for-equity in Millennium Development Goal Projects. plan. Under the proposal, wealthy countries and international organizations will forgo 50% of debt repayments for each Heavily Indebted Poor Country. This money, which would otherwise have been collected for repayments, will instead be used to fund programs to propel sustainable economic growth and development projects. We encourage other developing nations to use this project as a model for their own creative economic development solutions in pursing the Millennium Development Goal to .create a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, trade, and debt relief.. We also encourage forums such as the United Nations to publish recommendations urging wealthy nations to annually award a certain percentage of their own national income for HIPC nations. Additionally, the Republic of the Philippines recognizes the obstacle high energy prices place on developing states. It is imperative that the United Nations examine this issue so that an international dialogue can be established to explore alternative energy sources and a worldwide decrease on limited natural resources. The Philippines suggests that an International Energy Summit be held to begin this discourse.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

General Assembly Third Committee

The Republic of the Philippines actively supports the exploration and implementation of solutions to the issues before us at this meeting of the Third Committee. The improvement of human rights, crime prevention, and the right to self-determination are topics that span the continents and demand international cooperation and a universal dedication to basic human and civic rights on a regional, national, and global level. The Philippines is committed to combating the underlying problems that compromise the rights and safety of all Filipino people, and fully supports the efforts of other national and regional initiatives by the UN and member countries worldwide.

I. Alternative Approaches for Improving Human Rights

The Republic of the Philippines recognizes and deeply regrets that gross violations of human rights continue to plague our individual and global societies. Though human rights abuses have long been the subject of international scrutiny, the most basic rights continue to be violated all over the world. Because the issues of poverty, terrorism, and discrimination seem destined to persist far into the 21st century, we as global citizens must explore new means to further the protection of all peoples under all circumstances. The Philippines is deeply grateful to the UN, member states, and other institutions which have pledged financial support to our nation. This support has been invaluable as we work to eliminate the socioeconomic conditions that deprive our people of essential rights to medical care, education, food, shelter, and a respectable standard of living. We hope that, as our national programs continue to have success, the international community will continue its commitment to the alleviation of poverty and debt as a means to assist developing states and free national resources for use in the defense of human rights. Discrimination against any person or community based on religion, race, gender, or other status is unacceptable, and the Philippines is committed to initiatives that combat discrimination. The Philippine-led resolution on Promotion of Inter-religious Dialogue and Cooperation for Peace, unanimously adopted by the GA, is just one small step toward freedom from discrimination and hatred. We firmly believe that the assurance of human rights must be achieved through cross-cultural cooperation that promotes education and discussion as a path to tolerance. Thus, following in the steps of the resolution on Inter-religious Dialogue, we would like to see the establishment of education-based programs and initiatives to address the pressing issue of human rights. Through education we can dispel the preconceptions and misunderstandings that underlie discrimination.

II. The Right of Peoples to Self-Determination

The Republic of the Philippines holds that people have the right to form and maintain a community independent of restrictions to that people’s fundamental cultural, social, and human liberties. However, we do not believe that the right to self-determination permits a people or community to threaten the peace of a sovereign nation or threaten other citizens and peoples within that nation. Furthermore, we condemn the use of violence to assert this right. Neither should a sovereign government seek to oppress any people within its border in any way that deprives them of their human rights. The Philippines recognizes the importance of a people’s autonomy in deciding cultural, social, economic, and political alignments. We fully support the resolutions of the GA and declarations by the Commission on Human Rights which further explicate the right of peoples to this aspect of autonomy. The Philippines understands the delicacy and significance of the self-determination question. Within our own borders, we have been supportive of the rights of all peoples. In 1990 the ARMM (Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindano) was established as an autonomous regional government that allows our Muslim constituents to further their own economic, cultural, and political development. In particular, we urge the new Palestinian government to take advantage of the opportunity to set a precedent for peaceful self-determination. In order to further peaceful negotiations, the UN must take an active role. We recommend that the UN draft a set of guidelines to outline what it considers acceptable/unacceptable behavior for all parties involved in an issue of self-determination. In addition, if a community or country operates contrary to these guidelines, the UN should be prepared to condemn the action and apply sanctions where necessary.

III. Crime Prevention in Developing States

The Republic of the Philippines believes that, as developing states seek to improve the living conditions and safety of their constituents, the elimination of crime starts with prevention, not control or punishment. As with cases of human rights violations, poverty, socioeconomics, and political stability are major contributors to criminal activity. We strongly believe that the education of our younger generations will be key in reducing crime in the long term. Thus the Philippines and other developing nations continue to rely on initiatives and programs sponsored by the UN and the international community as we seek to improve working conditions, job opportunities, and quality of life in our country. Furthermore, we recognize the absolute necessity for cooperation across borders. Terrorism and the trafficking of weapons, drugs, and people continue to afflict nations of all positions, developed and developing. In recent years, the Philippines has legislated against crimes such as rape, domestic violence, and the trafficking of people. However, we cannot combat the immense problems of terrorism and trafficking alone. Thus we recommend the establishment of crossborder task forces and investigative bodies in order to discourage and prosecute criminals and terrorists. We also realize the special situations presented by war and conflict zones, where crimes go unchecked and unpunished. Therefore we strongly support the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, and believe that the UN should continue its role as advisor and advocate in these struggling societies.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

World Conference on Disaster Reduction

The issues before the World Conference on Disaster Relief are: The Implementation of Early Warning Systems and the monitoring and Prevention of Natural Disasters; The Yokohama Strategy and the Role of Good Governance in disaster reduction, and Environmental Extremes and their Potential for Natural Disaster. The State of the Philippines is proud to be a member of an organization with such and important job. The willingness of the international community to help the Philippines and other areas devastated by the tsunami of 2004 inspired the highest levels of humanity out of the deepest chasms of tragedy. Through these horrifying events, our state learned the importance of not only constructing national plans of action, but also the importance of the international community in times of need.

I. The Implementation of Early Warning Systems: Monitoring
and Prevention of Natural

Disasters The government of the Philippines recognizes the immediate necessity to compose a strategy for tackling disaster relief and reduction at the highest levels of efficiency. We look forward to working with other members of the WDCR to draft a plan that will better equip states for natural disasters of all types in the future. The Philippines endorses a method of attacking catastrophes from all angles. It is imperative that this committee addresses not only disaster reduction through early-warning systems, but also post disaster relief. As the Philippines is a country made up of over 7,000 mountainous islands our populous is specifically concerned with the threats that tsunamis, typhoons, landslides, flooding, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions may bring to the region. Early warning detection is the most integral part of thwarting natural disasters. Our state believes that by educating local communities most vulnerable to these disasters, we may react better as a nation. We have implemented this policy through regional programs such as the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Barangay Disaster Action Teams (BDATS), and the Integrated Community Disaster Planning Programme (ICDPP). This has been most effective due to various partnerships with international non-governmental organizations as well as neighboring governments.

II. The Yokohama Strategy: The Role of Good Governance in Disaster Reduction

The Yokohama strategy is a comprehensive summary of the specific needs of developing nations in the aftermath of unexpected misfortune. It adequately addresses disaster relief on all facets. Through further investigation of the geopolitical implications in disaster relief states may recognize the need for cooperation in the international community, while still stressing the responsibility of each state for her people. The partnerships and programs previously mentioned illustrate the implementation of this strategy.

III. Environmental Extremes and their Potential for Natural Disaster

Natural Disasters represent an unpredictable and highly dangerous threat to states in many regions of the world. As was demonstrated in the Tsunami of 2004, the Philippines and surrounding areas are extremely susceptible to natural disasters. As such, our state is committed to researching this area. Post-disaster programs are of grave concern and that is why the Pilipino government realizes the responsibility of providing adequate resources for survival to its citizenry. As partnerships with neighboring governments and non-governmental organizations have been extremely effective in early-detection efforts the Pilipino government hopes to engage in similar partnerships for post disaster relief. The unity of the international community has proved a essential to countries in need of assistance during natural disasters. To continue this paradigm both on a national and on a global scale, our state affirms the need for cooperation among all participating member states.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The issues before the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are of grave concern to The Republic of the Philippines. These issues are not only central to the challenges facing development in the Philippines today, but they are also issues which challenge many other nations throughout the world. As a proud member of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Philippines promotes economic prosperity, sustainable development, and human rights through developing a strong, healthy relationship with its Asian-Pacific community. This regional community relationship provides a strong foundation from which to combat terrorism, human rights abuses, police corruption, and poverty; which plague so many developing nations. As a state that fully recognizes the importance of migrant workers, the human costs of economic sanctions, and the necessity of education in order to eradicate poverty, the Philippines fully supports the UN Declaration on Human Rights, and further works to ensure the realization of the Millennium Development Goals.

I. Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers

The Millennium Development Goals, noting the abuses facing migrant workers throughout the world, pursue the elimination of xenophobia and racism which effect so many overseas workers. The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Worker and their Families states that due regard shall be paid not only to labor needs and resources, but also to the social, economic, cultural and other needs of migrant workers and members of their families involved, as well as to the consequences of such migration for the communities concerned.. The Republic of the Philippines recognizes that in seeking employment overseas many migrant workers face harsh discrimination based on race and gender which results in unsustainable wages, abuse and the violation of basic human rights. Noting that the majority of hardships arise from employment with illegal agencies, The Philippines Overseas Employment Administration works with prospective migrant workers to educate them on scams that may lead to human trafficking, physical and sexual abuse, and poverty. Additionally, to alleviate the financial burden of migrant workers and their families, The Overseas Filipino Worker Groceria Project, along with the National Livelihood Support Fund, has provided thousands of OFW’s and their families with interest free loans and other forms of aid to alleviate financial burden. As a state whose remittances from overseas workers totals nearly 10% of GDP, The Philippines recognizes the impact of migrant worker’s prosperity on a developing state’s economy. Home to over 1.2 million migrant workers, the Philippines will fervently pursue fair wages for its overseas worker population, and will actively seek strong bilateral relations with host countries especially in the Middle East, Asia and North America, where Filipino workers are most concentrated. By forming alliances with host countries, The Philippines aims to build strong Filipino communities for promoting the Filipino culture, encourages the enforcement of international labor standards, and seeks to eradicate illegal employment agencies that foster human trafficking, drug trade and terrorist networks. Through regional cooperation of APEC and ASEAN, and the continued encouragement of the adoption of the International Convention of the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families, as well as through cooperation from the global community the Philippines proposes forming an international registry for foreign workers which will aid in locating workers globally through an international overseas worker database system.

II. Understanding the Effects of Economic Sanctions on a Disadvantaged Population

The Republic of the Philippines supports the United Nations in its efforts to minimize the effects of sanctions on innocent populations, and believes that the imposition of economic sanctions on developing states with disadvantaged populations should be avoided at all costs. The effects of sanctions, although often directed toward tyrannical or unlawful policies against a dictator and/ or government as we have seen in Iraq and Cuba, more often than not are felt by the most impoverished. This further sets back the development strategy of a poor state and can lead to devastating human losses. As a state focused on strengthening its economic institutions and eradicating terrorist groups that hinder this strengthening, the Philippines believes that sanctions should only be utilized as a last resort, and if that is the case, they should have a specific target. The use of smart sanctions should be the only type of sanction used by the Security Council, as sanctions placed on an entire country most often proves devastating to the average citizens. As a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Philippines acknowledges that regional stability and security can be achieved through partnership and cooperation. This cooperation can help decrease illegal activity and violence caused by harmful regimes and terrorist networks; organizations whose actions encourage the use of sanctions.

III. The Marginalization of Education on a Global Level

The Republic of the Philippines believes education to be a primary means in eradicating poverty. Education plays a major role in promoting the rights of women, halting the use of child labor and combating sexual exploitation, as referred to in The Convention on the Rights of the Child. As a state determined to educate its population under the guidelines of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s 10 point .Beat the Odds program as well as the Millennium Development Goals, the Philippines has already made progress with a literate population of 93% for people over 15 years of age. Progress has occurred through the successful implementation of Adopt a School Programs, the formation of Filipino schools overseas, and the help of Non-governmental Organizations. The government continues to fight to eradicate police and local government corruption that hinder financial funds that transfer to school programs as well as fight terrorist activities that keep children from attending school. Additionally through the Women Worker’s Employment and Entrepreneurship Development program, the government aims at empowering women, and ensuring equal rights and gender equality through programs that will aid women in working with national development programs.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees

The issues before the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are: Protection of Women and Children Refugees; Refugee Aid and Security in Post-Conflict Zones, and The Promotion of Refugee Law and Refugee Advocacy. The Republic of the Philippines has provided a home for refugees fleeing racial, political, and religious persecution for over half a century. Jewish refugees and refugees from Vietnam, Iran, Iraq, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Rwanda and Palestine currently reside in the state. According to the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, the state hosted 2,100 refugees and asylum-seekers in 2003. The Republic of the Philippines remains committed to the care and protection of refugees resettled within its borders.

I. Protection of Women and Children Refugees

The Republic of the Philippines has stated it is firmly committed to the rights and protection of women and children, as stated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and in efforts to eradicate gender inequality. This fully extends to women and children refugees as well. In 2003, the Republic of the Philippines was the first Southeast Asian country to pass an Anti-Trafficking in Persons law, which protects vulnerable women and children from being sold into prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage, in line with the CRC and the Declaration on the Violence Against Women. Although the Republic of the Philippines is an agreement with the Declaration and Plan of Action the General Assembly passed in 2002, which promotes health, education, HIV/AIDS prevention and eradicating child abuse and exploitation, we believe more needs to be done in regards to children involved in unsafe working conditions, armed conflicts, human trafficking, child abuse and conflict with the law. The Republic of the Philippines is presently concerned with the conditions of detainment for juvenile offenders. In December 2005, the state passed a juvenile justice bill, which keeps juveniles who have committed minor offenses out of adult prisons. The Filipinos also believe more concern needs to be given to the subject of gender vulnerability in terms especially of natural disasters, such as the December 2004 tsunami and the landslide in their country this month. Women and children usually bear the brunt of the disaster. The Philippines introduced the draft resolution calling for a gender perspective to be added to the Tsunami recovery and reconstruction efforts March 8, 2005, which was integrated into resolution 60/15 Feb. 2, 2006. We believe the UN should allocate more resources to the United Nations Development Fund for Women and the Institute for Research and Training for the Advancement of Women and give them official status. The state urges the UN member states to pass juvenile justice bills in their own countries if they have not done so already.

II. Refugee Aid and Security in Post-Conflict Zones

The Republic of the Philippines fully supports aiding refugees in post-conflict zones both outside and within the Philippines. The state expressed its concerns with the security of such refugees at a Security Council meeting on May 20, 2004, with respect to the likelihood of infiltration of refugee camps by insurgents and other enemies. To prevent this, the state suggests maintaining the .civilian character. and reducing the .military character of the camps, as also recommended by the UNHCR, by separating the armed elements from the refugees, although this may be a complex problem. The High Commissioner for Refugees, Mr. Ruud Lubbers, stated that the camps must be situated far from the conflict zone and organizations to ensure the disposal of arms should periodically check on the camps. The Republic of the Philippines hopes for voluntary repatriation of the refugees, but otherwise wishes for such refugees to resettle in a third country, such as the United States. In 2004, the Republic of the Philippines expressed its desire for the U.S. to resettle the Vietnamese refugees residing in the Philippines. Women and children are also especially vulnerable in civil wars and other armed conflicts, and extra care should be given to them. The Republic of the Philippines aims to decreasing the urban refugee caseload by 75% by the end of 2006 through repatriating them or integrating them into the state. The state proposes that the UN member states attempt the same, especially ones with a large caseload, such as the United States. The UN should regularize the asylum-seeking process and refugee rights across all countries so that refugees to any country will be receiving the same or similar treatment.

III. The Promotion of Refugee Law and Refugee Advocacy

The Republic of the Philippines wishes to widen the scope of discussion on refugee issues over the long term to also address processes such as immigration, migration, human trafficking, gender, development, internal displacement and human rights. The Republic of the Philippines will work to implement all measures of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees. The state is also working on issues of naturalization and permanent residence or repatriation for urban refugees. Refugees in the Republic of the Philippines may be offered asylum through a procedure and may receive psychosocial services upon referral. Currently, refugees residing in the Philippines are able to obtain identification and travel documents, an immigration status, work permits, business registration, a public education, health services, and other social services. In 2004, an Iranian refugee was allowed to naturalize for the first time in the Philippines. The Philippine Senate also ratified the 1954 Convention on Statelessness. The Republic of the Philippines expresses concern that the ongoing war on terrorism will negatively affect the treatment of refugees and proposes that the nation states give the UNHCR their full cooperation in refugee protection efforts, which is line with the UN Security Council Resolution 1373, which expanded the 1951 Convention, with respect to refugees and security concerns. The state proposes that nation states increase support for UNHCR objectives and institutionalize refugee protection efforts. The Filipinos propose that the UN engage in increased advocacy of regional refugee issues, as education of citizens and government officials will increase chances for peace and provide a haven for refugees.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

World Trade Organization

The issues before the World Trade Organization are: advancing WTO transparency, agricultural sector negotiations, and promoting the Trade in Services mandate. The Philippines is particularly concerned about maintaining the special and different treatment in the agricultural sector to aid developing countries. The Philippines is committed to WTO transparency and has previously submitted a proposal specifically dealing with dispute settlement transparency. The Philippines is also a strong support of the liberalization of mode 4 of the Trade in Services Mandate. The Philippines has proven in the past its support for the WTO agenda and will continue to work towards free trade, but must support the following positions to ensure the continued development of the country.

I. Agricultural Sector Negotiations

While the Philippines does support the Doha Agenda reforms-- increasing market access, reducing export subsidies and domestic support-- the hope is to retain the measures that the WTO extends to developing countries. Food security and rural development are of major concern to the Philippines, but so long as these issues are protected for developing countries, the Philippines has shown and will continue to show a commitment to reducing market access, export subsidies and domestic supports. The Philippines Agricultural sector grew by a modest rate in 2004, with help from government support programs. Policies for special and differential treatment for developing countries, like the Special Products, allowing members to designate certain products as essential to their food or livelihood security or rural development needs, are very necessary to continued growth in the Philippines. The Philippines also greatly supports the measure in the General Council Decision of July 2004 which exempts developing countries from reduction commitments if they are allocating most of their de-minimize support for subsistence and resource-poor farmers.

II. Advancing WTO Transparency

The Philippines is a firm believer that WTO transparency, particularly in regards to dispute settlement, needs to be improved. The Philippines supports more transparency through a stronger voice for developing countries in agenda-setting prior to meetings. Currently, the WTO agenda is set prior to formal meetings, by the largest and most developed countries in informal gatherings. It is essential to the Philippines that developing and smaller states gain a voice in this part of the decision-making of the WTO. The Philippines has re-tabled its proposal with Thailand regarding carousel, the practice of randomly changing the products which an aggrieved member will retaliate. The proposal is for regulations on carousel, and would be a firm step towards improved dispute settlement mechanisms.

III. Promoting the Trade in Services Mandate

The Services sector is extremely important to the Philippines. It is the fastest growing sector in the Philippines, and contributes the largest share (nearly half) of total GDP. The main concern with regards to services in the WTO currently is the new proposals on the liberalization of Mode 4 of the Trade in Services Mandate. This addresses individuals traveling from their own country to supply services in another. The growth of overseas remittances in the Philippines economy makes this issue even more salient. The Philippines supports liberalization of Mode 4, particularly with regards to persons of lower skill levels, not related to commercial presence.

Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of the Philippines Syracuse University

G-77

The issues before the G-77 are: the global debt crisis: forgiveness, restructuring, and default; the role of developing states in United Nations reform; and the global system of trade preferences among developing states. The Philippines are concerned with the reduction of debt and restructuring the country’s economy as a matter of security as well as extensive peace building and to further establish a strong foundation by opening the economy to international trade.

I. The Global Debt Crisis: Forgiveness, Restructuring and Default.

The Republic of the Philippines reflects on the global debt crisis issue being a considerable problem in the South Pacific region. As a middle income country, the Philippines is eager to address this issue and put forward a proposition for the improvement of this problem. The Philippines is not asking for a cancellation of debt but a creative solution to the debt crisis which is currently affecting the country as well as others. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative is largely supported and applauded by the Philippines nevertheless further action needs to be taken against the debt crises. The proposal put forward suggests a debt reduction/debt conversion plan. This would include .debt for equity. or .debt for the Millennium Development Goals Project. (MDG) and the conversion of 50% of the debt value into equity. These development projects include: infrastructure projects, hospitals and healthcare, post-harvest facilities and food production, schools, clean water, electricity, and wealth creating projects. The Philippines calls on donor countries and financial institutions in regards to this issue of aiding the middle income countries and asks members of the G-77 and propose a resolution in regards to this issue.

II. The Role of Developing States in United Nations Reform.

The Republic of the Philippines fully supports the Security Council and its permanent members but wishes to expand the permanent member positions to other prominent countries some of which would represent the South Pacific region. The newly created Peace-Building Commission has been a result of developing countries working together to promote peace in place of conflict. The Philippines is eager to be a part of this commission which combines the importance of international migration and development. The contribution of the Philippines would be an asset to this commission and the international community due to extensive experience in peace building. This includes the suppression of the Muslim rebellion in 2002 and 2003. By working closely with other nations and promoting dialogue peace, security, and development can be achieved on a successful basis. The agenda should be composed of the following issues: commodity management and food security, education and literacy, affordable medicines, migration and development and disaster mitigation. United Nations Reform and the role of developing countries play a major role for the promotion of peace and security as well as development of our future. Increasing cooperation amongst states and the Peace Building Commission will further achieve these goals.

III. The Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing States

The Republic of the Philippines recognizes greatly the importance of international trade and the opening of markets for the enhancement of economic growth. The Millennium Development Goal #8: Develop a global partnership for development is of crucial significance for the Republic of the Philippines whose success is built on the foundations of establishing a solid ground for trade. Developing nations are continuing to push for the expansion of trade through trilateral cooperation particularly amongst the countries in the South. The South-South partnership is based on the strengthening of collective values, interests, priorities and cooperation. The Philippines proposes further cooperation amongst allies on the basis of open trade, which will expose all countries to more progressive possibilities. In order to enhance and further continue this cooperation, domestic as well as international resources should be further expanded. Through the expansion of globalization and migration the Republic of the Philippines reflects on the importance of trade towards building a successful economic future.

Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

The issues before the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation committee are: The Elimination of Government Corruption and the Promotion of Transparency, Implementing APEC.s Human Security Agenda, and The APEC Plan for Sustainable Economic Growth and Cooperation. As a founding member of APEC the Republic of the Philippines recognizes and fully supports measures to increase the viability of member state economies and promote long term sustainable growth. The need to eliminate government corruption and promote transparency is the vital next step in encouraging the regional economies of APEC in a sustained manner. Along with this endorsement the Philippines wishes to uphold the long term goal of sustained development through environmental initiatives that ensure viable long term industries. Finally for the short term economic growth the Philippines fully endorses the implementation of APEC.s human security agenda, specifically the measures against piracy which plague regional waters.

I. The APEC Plan for Sustainable Economic Growth and Cooperation

The Republic of the Philippines endorses sustainable economic growth in the region, specifically in regards to maritime issues. Through the use of stabilizing the maritime environment by keeping the maritime economic activities limited to a long term sustainable level, along with promoting technological advances such as fisheries and other programs which alleviate stress on the ecosystems of our oceans. In an attempt to preserve the maritime industries the Philippines proposes joint research in long term sustainable industries that not only are friendlier to the environment but also create more efficient industries. Also the Philippines fully endorse measures to create a sustained tourism industry for the entire region. Tourism is a large source of income for many governments, the Philippines feels that as a community we must create a tourist friendly atmosphere by reducing piracy and crime. Finally the Philippines will and urges other member states to promote an increase in sharing information in all fields related to economic stimulation and viable long term solutions to economic problems. Member states of APEC span the spectrum of development and it is the Philippines belief that states should aid each other in an attempt to avoid the pitfalls that come with modernizing economies.

II. The Elimination of Government Corruption and the Promotion
of the Transparency

The Republic of the Philippines endorses measured steps to end government corruption and increase the area specific standards of transparency. The Philippines was not an announcing member of the ACT however does prescribe to the principles of anti corruption and transparency. The Philippines maintains sovereignty and regional standards are very important in combating government and regional corruption and only through regional cooperation can the situation be changed. The Philippines advances a strategy of local laws and enforcement in an attempt to endorse these ideals. Conceding that this is a major international problem the Philippines strongly believes that only through domestic measures can it be eradicated and so the APEC community should support member nations in anyway possible in their individual fight against Corruption. Transparency of business and government is an ideal closely held by the Philippines and it will promote area specific standards and regional cooperation in an attempt to facilitate domestic policy.

III. Implementing APEC.s Human Security Agenda

The Republic of the Philippines fully endorses measures to stop regional piracy. The Philippines considers the removal of piracy from the regions waters a foremost concern in promoting not only sustainable economic growth but general security for the region and member states. The Philippines supports the Regional Maritime Security Initiative and endorses the International Maritime Organization. The ending of international piracy is perhaps the largest threat to APEC in light of the fact that most of the world’s largest ports are in the region and the majority of all trade from member states is carried by container ship. It is the Philippines. view that sustainable long term development cannot take place while these crimes continue. The current initiative of some member states of joint naval activities in the pursuit of pirates is an effective strategy which should be modified and accepted on a larger scale. Also stricter penalties should be put in place for any nation that harbors these pirates. This international problem must be swiftly and decisively dealt with before member economies can truly start to excel. The Philippines also supports APEC’s continuing initiative to combat infection disease and to create vaccinations to defeat these epidemics. Vaccines and other life saving medicines once found should be shared with members of APEC in an attempt to prevent a global pandemic. Finally the Philippines support APEC.s Strategy on Response to and Preparedness for Natural Disasters and Emergencies. In order to create economic growth for all members. strategies must be created to aid those members stricken by unexpected and massively destructive natural disasters. The tsunami of 2004, hurricane Katrina and the recent mudslides in the Philippines to site a few examples are serious threats to the economies of not only APEC members but the entire world. The ramifications of large scale destruction can have a major negative affect that hurts not only those afflicted but also the entire world. Because of this the Philippines recommends a relief fund that is comprised of money, men and materials that can be shipped to any nation afflicted with a major catastrophe to augment the normal aid that is given in such situations.