Delegation from Represented by
Ukraine York College of Pennsylvania
Position Paper for General Assembly Disarmament and International Security Committee (First Committee)
The issues before the General Assembly Disarmament and International Security Committee: Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East; Non-state Actors and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Regulating Conventional Arms. Ukraine, a proud member of the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and various other international and regional organizations, endorses every global effort towards a reasonable reduction and elimination of Weapons of Mass Destructions (WMDs) around the world, for Ukraine firmly argues that it is the fundamental right of all people to pursue a life devoid of threats arising from the presence of WMDs. Ukraine is deeply committed to curb the proliferation of all WMDs in concert with pertinent international organizations, while recognizing the necessity for ensuring that proper measures are implemented in regulating conventional arms.
I. Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East
Ukraine recognizes the values of sovereignty and territorial security; however, Ukraine is committed to curtail nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, for it argues that in a diversely rich, yet volatile region, the presence of nuclear weapons will contribute to a heightened sense of insecurity by burning the bridges of peace. Ukraine, a sovereign country that deliberately decided to relinquish its nuclear weapons, argues that arsenals of nuclear weapons anywhere in world can become the focus of terrorist organizations, and thus a global liability in the fight for peace.
Ukraine has endorsed key resolutions at the United Nations General Assembly that have sought to put an end to the menace of nuclear proliferation. Ukraine firmly holds the belief that nuclear weapons are not the answer for international peace and security, but rather they are a means to undermine it. Ukraine is home to Europe’s largest United Nations Peacekeepers and is inviting all Middle Eastern Countries to employ its soil for holding a dialogue on a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Middle East and the full implementation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
II. Non-state Actors and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Ukraine reaffirms its commitment the global cessation of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Ukraine argues that the most pragmatic mean to stop the proliferation of WMDs lies in sovereign states taking concrete steps in either voluntarily reducing and/or eliminating their stockpile of WMDs, while granting unfettered access to their nuclear facilities to international inspections.
In light of the A. Q. Khan scandal, Ukraine further argues that sovereign states are completely responsible for complying with all applicable international treaties to ensure that militarily sensitive material of any sort does not leave the realm of international security. Ukraine encourages all states to exhibit an improved cooperation in preventing terrorist organizations from acquiring any WMDs; such cooperation can solely be achieved via a formal adherence to international treaties and conventions.
III. Regulating Conventional Arms
Ukraine considers conventional arms to be a threat that all states face to a certain degree. The international community must agree upon the notion that the regulation of conventional arms is the first step toward eradicating the scourge of terrorism. All states need to enact national legislation that must make it cumbersome for any unauthorized organization to procure conventional weapons.
Ukraine upholds the belief that sovereign nations must act together in accordance with international law to terminate all problems that humanity faces in this new century that are in any way tied to the use of conventional weapons. Ukraine is a country that values universal human rights and thus matters such as illicit arms trafficking also utterly contravene Ukrainian values at their core. Ukraine is committed and willing to hold diplomatic talks that would strengthen the regulation of conventional arms on its territory to initiate confidence and security building measures. Conventional weapons ought to be just as tightly controlled and treated as any other type of WMD.
Delegation from Represented by
Ukraine York College of Pennsylvania
Position Paper for General Assembly Disarmament and International Security Committee (First Committee)
The issues before the General Assembly Disarmament and International Security Committee: Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East; Non-state Actors and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Regulating Conventional Arms. Ukraine, a proud member of the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and various other international and regional organizations, endorses every global effort towards a reasonable reduction and elimination of Weapons of Mass Destructions (WMDs) around the world, for Ukraine firmly argues that it is the fundamental right of all people to pursue a life devoid of threats arising from the presence of WMDs. Ukraine is deeply committed to curb the proliferation of all WMDs in concert with pertinent international organizations, while recognizing the necessity for ensuring that proper measures are implemented in regulating conventional arms.
I. Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East
Ukraine recognizes the values of sovereignty and territorial security; however, Ukraine is committed to curtail nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, for it argues that in a diversely rich, yet volatile region, the presence of nuclear weapons will contribute to a heightened sense of insecurity by burning the bridges of peace. Ukraine, a sovereign country that deliberately decided to relinquish its nuclear weapons, argues that arsenals of nuclear weapons anywhere in world can become the focus of terrorist organizations, and thus a global liability in the fight for peace.
Ukraine has endorsed key resolutions at the United Nations General Assembly that have sought to put an end to the menace of nuclear proliferation. Ukraine firmly holds the belief that nuclear weapons are not the answer for international peace and security, but rather they are a means to undermine it. Ukraine is home to Europe’s largest United Nations Peacekeepers and is inviting all Middle Eastern Countries to employ its soil for holding a dialogue on a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Middle East and the full implementation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
II. Non-state Actors and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Ukraine reaffirms its commitment the global cessation of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Ukraine argues that the most pragmatic mean to stop the proliferation of WMDs lies in sovereign states taking concrete steps in either voluntarily reducing and/or eliminating their stockpile of WMDs, while granting unfettered access to their nuclear facilities to international inspections.
In light of the A. Q. Khan scandal, Ukraine further argues that sovereign states are completely responsible for complying with all applicable international treaties to ensure that militarily sensitive material of any sort does not leave the realm of international security. Ukraine encourages all states to exhibit an improved cooperation in preventing terrorist organizations from acquiring any WMDs; such cooperation can solely be achieved via a formal adherence to international treaties and conventions.
III. Regulating Conventional Arms
Ukraine considers conventional arms to be a threat that all states face to a certain degree. The international community must agree upon the notion that the regulation of conventional arms is the first step toward eradicating the scourge of terrorism. All states need to enact national legislation that must make it cumbersome for any unauthorized organization to procure conventional weapons.
Ukraine upholds the belief that sovereign nations must act together in accordance with international law to terminate all problems that humanity faces in this new century that are in any way tied to the use of conventional weapons. Ukraine is a country that values universal human rights and thus matters such as illicit arms trafficking also utterly contravene Ukrainian values at their core. Ukraine is committed and willing to hold diplomatic talks that would strengthen the regulation of conventional arms on its territory to initiate confidence and security building measures. Conventional weapons ought to be just as tightly controlled and treated as any other type of WMD.
Delegation from Represented
The Republic of Ukraine York College of Pennsylvania
Position Paper for the General Assembly Plenary
The issues before the General Assembly Plenary are: The use of Economic Sanctions for Political and Economic Compulsion; Democracy and Human Rights in Post-Conflict Regions; and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa. The Republic of Ukraine is strongly committed to bringing about political justice, sustainability, and economic development through international support. The Republic of Ukraine feels that this involvement and the participation used by not only by the Republic of Ukraine but the international community as well, will give a wider prospective on how to respond to issues such as economic restrictions and promotion of democracy.
I. The Use of Economic Sanctions for Political and Economic Compulsion
The Republic of Ukraine argues in the use of economic sanctions against those nation states that insist on exploiting their citizens and using terror tactics to suppress certain groups for political gain and control. The Republic of Ukraine feels that economic sanctions should also be used against nation states that utilize nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons for use against other groups or nations.
By the use of economic sanctions, we are using and promoting peaceful, but yet forceful ways of allowing the nation states or groups that are using exploitation or terror tactics to surrender and commit to change of their actions. The Republic of Ukraine feels that the use of economic sanctions should be one of the first steps taken towards a nation state that fall under these guidelines. Only if this option does not work, should the United Nations and the international community consider other more forceful alternatives.
II. Democracy and Human Rights in Post-Conflict Regions
The Republic of Ukraine strongly supports Democracy in areas of the world which have suffered as a result of political conflict and civil war. The Republic of Ukraine is dedicated to helping to establish Democracy in these regions and to help establish strong human rights for every member of society which has been affected as a result of living in these regions.
As a former member of the Soviet Union, The Republic of Ukraine recognizes the need for Democracy and acceptance and equality for all of its citizens. By the use of Democracy in the election process and by the general management of government, this will help ensure that there are a system of checks and balances and also that many different minorities have a voice in the political system. By possessing the belief that Democracy will help bring hope to these politically destroyed areas, we are establishing the value of freedom and liberty.
III. The Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa
The Republic of Ukraine recognizes the importance of creating a lasting peace in Africa and creating economic and political development for the struggling African nations. We are committed to aiding peace processes that are brought through democracy. The Republic of Ukraine supports the ideal that economic stability will come as a result of being a part of a peaceful nation and region.
As struggles continue to occur, our nation strongly urges those parties involved to resolve their differences peacefully and not to bring about the deaths of innocent bystanders. The Republic of Ukraine is inclined to give support to those parties which bring about an established government peacefully and aim to bring economic strength to their particular nation. History has shown that nations that rest under periods of peace tend to be economically stronger and have more trade relations with other nations.
Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of Ukraine York College of Pennsylvania
Position Paper for the General Assembly Economic and Financial Committee
The issues before the General Assembly Second Committee are: Combating Illicit Funds Transfers, The Integration of Markets of Developing States into the Global Economy, and Macroeconomic Policy Issues and International Trade Development. The Republic of Ukraine is a founding member of the UN who looks to this coming gathering to consider these important topics in hopes that a consensual resolution on the topics may come together. The Republic of Ukraine looks forward to working together with other member nations in order to fulfill this global goal.
I. Combating Illicit Funds Transfers
The Republic of Ukraine holds fast that illicit funds transfers are out of place in this global community. They are a reflection of illegal activities such as the drug trade and human trafficking. The Republic of Ukraine is willing to work towards a resolution or resolutions under which the security and enforcement of illicit funds transfers may be set up into a form under which many nations may adhere.
II. The Integration of Markets of Developing States into the Global Economy
The Republic of Ukraine understand the importance of helping developing states to enter into a world economy in order to help them simulate their own economies and thus become better involved member s in the international system. The Republic of Ukraine is willing to view and discuss resolutions and propositions as to how this goal may be more easily deciphered.
III. Macroeconomic Policy Issues and International Trade Development
The Republic of Ukraine acknowledges the growing gap in the living standards between the rich and poor. The spread of capitalism and free trade would be beneficial to all states in helping to attempt to reduce this growing gap. The Republic of Ukraine intends to listen from arguments from both the G-8 and the G-77 in order to gain a better perspective and understanding on the situation in other states, therefore being able to make the best judgments and providing its assistance as applicable there after. The Republic of Ukraine intends to better its economy and by doing such attempt to reach the UN’s goal of 0.07% towards foreign aid.
Delegation from Represented by
The Republic of Ukraine York College of Pennsylvania
Position Paper for the Follow-up to the World Conference on Disaster Reduction
The issues before the committee on Follow-up to the World Conference on Disaster Reduction are: Implementation of Early Warning Systems: Monitoring and Prevention of Natural Disaster; The Yokohama Strategy: The Role of Good Governance in Disaster Reduction, and Environmental Extremes and their Potential for Natural Disaster. The Republic of Ukraine, a proud member of the United Nations, World Conference on Disaster Reduction, and other various international and regional organizations, firmly supports the development and implementation of preventative measures regarding natural disasters. Ukraine, in protecting humans from unnecessary suffering, is committed to addressing the following factors.
I. Implementation of Early Warning Systems: Monitoring and Prevention of Natural Disasters
The Republic of Ukraine is committed to implementing the International Early Warning Programme (IWEP) as proposed by the Kobe World Conference of Disaster Reduction and supported by the World Meteorological Organization (UMO), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO), World Food Programme (WFP), and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). The Republic of Ukraine is a firm believer that globalization, and highly developed technology provide adequate basis for developing IWEP. As a country dedicated to the freedom and protection of humanity, Ukraine argues that the no human being should suffer unnecessarily because preventative measures were not executed. A clear example of such a tragedy was the Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster of 2004. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations the estimated death toll was 300,000. Such a disaster could have been prevented, if early warning systems had been in place. The Republic of Ukraine insists that this tragedy must never be repeated. While Ukraine congratulates and supports the creation of the early warning system for the Indian Ocean, more must be done to prevent other natural disasters, such as the recent devastating mudslide in the Philippines. The Republic of Ukraine calls on the international community to provide financial assistance in implementing this IWEP.
II. The Yokohama Strategy: The Role of Good Governance in Disaster Reduction
The Republic of Ukraine argues that the 1994 World Conference on Disaster Reduction’s focus, on developing strong governance, is an integral defense against natural disasters. In preventing catastrophes, Ukraine espouses the ideas proposed by the World Conference on Disaster Reduction’s Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World (Yokohama Strategy). It argues that readily accessible information, strong community interaction, and clear governance are vital in reducing destruction to human lives. In light of this, Ukraine supports efforts by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and United Nations Development Programme Disaster Risk Index; both which provide accessible data to the global community. In addition, Ukraine calls upon local communities, states, international, and non-governmental organizations to co-operate by not only creating systems that disseminate critical information to the unsafe areas but also in providing practical measures and policies that will help ensure proper implementation of this information.
III. Environmental Extremes and Their Potential Natural Disaster
The Republic of Ukraine is concerned over the tremendous damage of natural disasters and its impact on society. In preparing for natural disasters, it is important to pinpoint those areas that are in imminent danger. No country is exempt from natural disasters and as a result, Ukraine is dedicated to the actions of Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in monitoring naturally hazardous environments. While each individual state faces potential disasters, the more advanced states, based upon their internal systems, are able to minimize the damage. As a result, the disaster is most devastating to the less developed states. The Republic of Ukraine is a firm believer that the global community must do more for these developing countries. Therefore, Ukraine is committed to developing and implementing resources that will help alleviate suffering in developing nations.
Delegation From Represented by the
The Republic of Ukraine York College of Pennsylvania
Position Paper for the World Trade Organization (WTO)
The issues before the World Trade Organization (WTO) are: Agricultural Sector Negotiations, Advancing WTO transparency, and Invigorating the Trade in Services Mandate. The Republic of Ukraine a proud member of the Partnership and Co-operation Agreement (PCA), that fully supports regional co-operational efforts to facilitate trade, is engaged in legislation to implement market access by large scale privatization, increasing transparency by legislative means and concessions for goods and services. Multilateral negotiations are also taking place in Geneva in the form of a Working Party addressing how Ukraine will integrate WTO provisions into its national system. Ukraine is firmly committed to addressing these topics and cooperating in Geneva to become a WTO member.
I. Agricultural Sector Negotiations
The Republic of Ukraine argues that open and liberalized market access, exports subsidies, and domestic support, on viable commercial terms in respect of WTO rules, are essential when discussing agricultural sector negotiations. Ukraine, since applying for accession in 1994, has willingly opened their markets. By demonstrating flexibility, Ukraine has taken on reforms to modernize and diversify business and investment climate to achieve market economy status in hopes of being granted full accession into the WTO by participating in the Central Europe Initiative’s Enterprise Programme (CEI-EP), that provides industry-specific advisors who enhance knowledge and confidence. If granted full accession, Ukraine will reap the benefits of the multilateral and bilateral trade systems, by facilitating trade with fellow WTO members. This would also benefit Ukraine’s promising economy adding to the already 18.5% GDP. Ukraine’s production growth rate is one percent and would expect to increase. Furthering Ukraine’s commitment to respectful trade, Ukraine has already completed ten bilateral trade negotiations with European nations. Economic development in Ukraine has been rather slow. Two events are hindering development: poultry imports and intellectual property protection. The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) is helping to resolve the issues surrounding UKR’s “market economy status.” The European Union extends their Most Favorable Nation (MFN) treatment to Ukraine, which many WTO countries receive. In compliance with Clause 9, Paragraph 1 (a-f) of the Agreement of Agriculture (AoA), export subsidies (used by majority of WTO members) decide essential non-agreement on agricultural product world markets. In addition, Ukraine has set up many committees for standardizing agricultural production. To expedite the accession, the economy minister called on parliament to cancel export duties for dairy products, and reduce tariffs on sunflower seeds, and livestock and raw hides, providing a welcoming climate for foreign investors and opportunities for market access. Ukraine expects to boost exports by 12.7% and imports – 14.4%. Ukraine’s total trade with 25 European country equaled 16.7 billion €, and is steadily climbing.
II. Advancing WTO Transparency
Ukraine is committed to improving transparency by revising shady privatization deals in which firms are sold below market prices. At the end of the World Economic Forum (WEF), Ukraine was presented with a 10 step-action plan for urgent reforms for its investment climate. The legislation was rejected and later blocked by the Communists. Moreover, Ukraine, in accordance with the EU-UKRAINE Action Plan (part of ENP), will help improve internal transparency by carrying out consultations with foreign trade partners and foreign economies. The ENP helps countries seeking accession by trade agreements. By carrying out consultations, the investment climate will improve. Ukrainian authorities, including all administrative bodies will apply trade and investment legislation in a uniform manner. Ukraine will also increase transparency by implementing a privatization programme by returning many stated-owned businesses to the hands of private investors. Unfortunately, Ukraine’s insufficient banking sector is impeding the development of the private sector and has discouraged foreign investment. The Ukrainian Government signed a memorandum vowing to “re-nationalize” property rights. Ukraine is deeply engaged in legislative implementation of WTO provisions and market access negotiations to establish their schedules of concessions for market access in goods and services.
III. Invigorating the Trade in Services Mandate
Trade in Services is an integral part of the WTO. Trade services have been a sensitive issue because of the protection of investors, depositors, and policy holders; ensuring the integrity and stability of the financial system and preventing the misuse of the financial system for criminal purposes (counterfeiting). It would be unrealistic to not draw parallels between the Ukraine’s involvement in the PCA and accession to the WTO. The PCA represents mode 3, commercial presence in regard to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The Ukrainian financial institutions could prepare themselves for competition in markets by becoming a WTO member. The Republic of Ukraine’s accession is expected to be completed by 2005. It depends on Ukraine’s pace to make its necessary reforms and economy compatible with WTO rules. Ukraine had a projected foreign trade surplus in 2005 at 81.7-82 million (base-case scenario) and 60 million (low-case scenario).
Regarding banking, Mode 2, “consumption abroad,” does not apply because of Ukraine’s foreign banking restrictions mentioned in Ukraine’s limitations. To carry out business in Ukraine, foreign banking institutions with foreign capital must be registered in Ukraine and licensed by the National Bank of Ukraine. However, credit and debit cards are permissible under Ukraine’s mode 3 provisions. Foreign banks may open representative banks without performing commercial activities. In this mode, there is no limit on national treatment.
Ukraine is ready in its provisional offer to address mode 4-related commitments in the form of key personnel. Regarding mode 4 (presence of natural persons), service suppliers who may not be directly involved in the sale or supply of services to the general public are allowed to have commercial presence to conclude a sales contract on behalf of the established and persons not employed in Ukraine, but who work for a company who lacks commercial presence in Ukraine. In the Ukraine offer, natural persons are unbound because it would erase any potential benefits of market access and national treatment for commercial presence.